Emergency Training Center of Montana

NASEMSO Update:

1. Labor-Health and Human Services-Education Appropriations Bill Marked by Subcommittee

On June 7, 2007, the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education considered the chairman’s mark of the Fiscal Year 2008 appropriations bill.  The Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant received a $10 million increase over last year’s level.  The House Subcommittee-passed bill contains $109 million.  This program was cut and/or level funded over the past three years.  Sixteen states use this funding for EMS programs.  The EMS for Children (EMSC) Program was level funded at $19.8 million.  The Trauma Planning Systems and Development Act received no funding.  Rural Health Outreach Grants received a $14 million increase over the FY 2007 level and is funded at $52.96 million.  Flex Grants were level funded at $62.5 million.  Rural and Community AEDs received a $537,000 increase, with funding at $2 million.  HRSA’s Traumatic Brain Injury program was restored to last year’s level at $8.9 million.  Poison Control received a $7.1 million increase to be funded at $30.1 million.  No funding was provided to re-establish the Trauma-EMS program.  This was undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that the bill reauthorizing the program was only signed into law a few weeks before the mark-up.  A chart of the recommended appropriations is available for NASEMSO members.  To obtain the chart, visit http://www.nasemso.org and log-in to the NASEMSO Members Only area.  Then visit https://www.nasemso.org/Members/Download_Documents/DraftProjectReports/.

 

2. DHS Appropriations Bill Passed Out of Committee on June 5

On June 5, 2007, the House Appropriations Committee passed out the FY 2008 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Appropriations bill.  Among the first responder and port security programs, funding is set at $4.52 billion, $1.97 billion above the President’s request and $863 million above 2007.  These grants were funded at $4.92 billion in 2004 and have been cut every year since.  For more information, visit http://apropriations.house.gov/pdf/HomelandFC.pdf.

 

3. Importance of Trauma Systems Highlighted in Congressional Record
On May 25, 2007, Representative Gene Green made a statement in the Congressional Record about the importance of trauma systems and the recently enacted legislation reauthorizing Title XII of the U.S. Public Health Service Act.  The statement includes a recent NY Times article describing how the Camden, N.J., trauma system and Cooper University Hospital responded to save Governor Jon Corzine’s life and prevent serious disability.  To see the statement, visit http://thomas.loc.gov and select Congressional Record.  On the search page, query by date and representative. 

 

4. CDC Issues Call for Model Communities

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), through its Terrorism Injuries: Information Dissemination and Exchange (TIIDE) Project, is examining the relationship between the emergency care community and public health in relation to preparedness for mass casualty incidents. The CDC TIIDE Project is seeking examples of “model communities” in which the relationship between the emergency care community and public health is well-established and operationally functional in terms of its capacity to respond to events that might produce large numbers of injuries. Selected communities will be invited to participate in a TIIDE Partners conference at which they can present their model systems.  This conference will be held in Atlanta, Ga., on Aug. 13-14, 2007. The CDC will fund two representatives to attend the meeting.  Responses are due by July 13.  For more information, visit http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/callmodelcommunities.asp.

 

5. AHRQ’s Annual State Snapshots Highlight States’ Strengths and Weaknesses in Health Care Quality
On June 11, 2007, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) released the new State Snapshots.  The Web tool shows that states have made promising gains in health care quality while identifying needed improvements in areas ranging from cancer screening to treatments of heart attack patients.  AHRQ’s State Snapshots Web tool was launched in 2005. It is an application that helps state health leaders, researchers, consumers, and others understand the status of health care quality in individual states, including each state’s strengths and weaknesses.  The 51 State Snapshots are based on 129 quality measures, each of which evaluates a different segment of health care performance. The Web tool provides summaries that measure health care quality in three different contexts: by types of care; by settings of care; and by clinical area.  For more information, visit http://www.ahrq.gov/news/press/pr2007/snapshotspr.htm.  To access this year’s State Snapshots, visit http://statesnapshots.ahrq.gov.

 

6. NASEMSO Provides Web Page With E-Mail Survey Results
The NASEMSO Web site at www.nasemso.org includes a special Web page in the News & Publications section featuring the results of member e-mail surveys. Recent surveys posted included topics ranging from how ambulance rates are determined to methods of online training to determining which states submit data to the National Practitioner Data Bank. To date, we have posted results of seven e-mail surveys in 2007, but there are additional surveys for which reports are pending. Please send your e-mail survey reports or results directly to NASEMSO Web Site Content Manager Karen Thompson at thompson@nasemso.org. See 2007 NASEMSO e-mail survey reports at http://www.nasemso.org/NewsAndPublications/News/Surveys.asp.

 

7. NASEMSO Endorses AHA Conference Proceedings

In late March 2006, the American Heart Association (AHA) convened a three-day conference “Development of Systems of Care for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients” with multidisciplinary groups of physicians, nurses, EMS personnel, community and tertiary hospital administrators, payers, government officials, and quality, outcomes research and policy experts involved in the care of patients with STEMI. The conference attendees were charged with reviewing the current state or system of care, developing the ideal implementation system, addressing the gaps and barriers between the current and ideal system, and formulating recommendations for research, programs, and policy from the perspective of the constituency they were to represent.  Members of more than 20 organizations representing key constituents were in attendance.  NASEMSO participated in the conference.  The full proceedings have been published in the May 29 issue of Circulation.  NASEMSO endorsed the proceedings. For more information, visit http://circ.ahajournals.org/.

 

8. OSHA Issues Pandemic Influenza Guidance
On May 21, 2007, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) released a health and safety guidance intended to help health care employers and workers prepare for a possible influenza pandemic and protect workers who would be on the “frontline” caring for ill patients.  Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guide for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers provides resources and tools to aid in workplace planning efforts, information about risk communication, technical information about industrial hygiene and infection control techniques in healthcare settings, and advice on diagnosis and treatment of staff.  For a copy of this health and safety guidance, visit http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf.

 

9. FDA Finalizes Guidance Documents for Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Vaccines

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 31 issued final recommendations to increase the supply of safe and effective influenza vaccines for both seasonal and pandemic use.  In March 2006, FDA issued two draft guidance documents for public comment – one for seasonal influenza vaccines and another for pandemic influenza vaccines.  The draft documents outline specific approaches for manufacturers to develop new vaccines that are safe, pure and potent.  The final guidance documents reflect public input, including vaccine companies and public health officials. Both guidance documents recommend using recent technologies such as cell culture and recombinant manufacturing to enhance the development and evaluation of vaccines. They also recommend adding substances that improve the immune response from the vaccine (novel adjuvants). The guidance documents describe conventional and accelerated approval pathways to vaccine licensure.  For more information, visit http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01645.html.

 

10. Idaho Seeks Manager of EMS Systems Development

Idaho seeks a manager of EMS systems development to provide leadership for a major section of the Emergency Medical Service Bureau, composed of statewide EMS programs administered through three regional offices in support of the department’s mission to promote and protect the health and safety of all state residents.  The job announcement closes June 22, 2007.  More information is available at http://dhr.idaho.gov/stateJobs/default.aspx.

 

11. NENA Expresses Concern over Consequences of ITC Decision
The National Emergency Number Association (NENA) is concerned with the ruling by the International Trade Commission (ITC) in early June concerning a patent dispute between Broadcom and Qualcomm.  While NENA has no interest and expressed no opinion in the patent infringement claim, NENA is concerned about consequences of the “downstream” remedy announced by the ITC, which will have a negative impact on the delivery of 9-1-1 service for American consumers and first responder communications.  The ITC’s decision bans the importation of a wide range of cellular handsets used by major carriers within the United States, which will directly impact the delivery of E9-1-1 services to millions of individuals in the United States.  According NENA, “a major obstacle has been created that will prevent consumers from upgrading their wireless handsets to newer models that will allow for more accurate, GPS-based location capabilities. The ITC’s ban on importation results in the public being denied new handsets that would improve the ability of 9-1-1 public safety answering points to locate with greater precision victims of crime, accidents, fires or other disasters.  For more information, visit http://www.usitc.gov/ext_relations/news_release/2007/er0607ee1.htm and http://www.nena.org.

 

12. E-Newsletter Focuses on Pediatrics
Urgent Matters – an initiative by George Washington University’s School of Public Health and Health Services to improve hospital patient flow and reduce emergency department crowding – released its latest Patient Flow E-Newsletter (Volume 4, Issue 2), which focuses on “Putting Kids First.”  The issue includes several articles by many well-known EMSC colleagues.  Among others, articles appearing in the issue include:  “Preparing the Emergency Department for Pediatric Patients;” “Child-Ready Emergency Departments: Creating Customized Pediatric Facilities, Equipment and Care;” “Educational Toolkit for Pediatric Emergency Preparedness;” “Leadership Needed: Hospitals Must Work Together to Improve Pediatric Emergency Care;” and “ACEP Reports on the Growing Interest in Pediatric Emergency Medicine.”  Visit http://www.urgentmatters.org/newsletter/volume4/issue2/enews.asp to access the newsletter.

 

13. FEMA’s Incident Management Systems Division Releases Updated Public Works Credentialing Job Titles

As part of U.S. efforts to strengthen catastrophic response capabilities in line with the National Incident Management System (NIMS), the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Incident Management Systems Division on June 1 released updated Public Works Job Titles. These job titles are now part of the National Emergency Responder Credentialing System, which documents minimum professional qualifications, certifications, training and education requirements that define the standards required for specific emergency response functional positions. The national credentialing process is voluntary (i.e. reflecting only the volunteer participation of a/first responder(s) willing to be deployed under interstate mutual aid agreements or compacts). States must establish a program administered by the state director (or other official designated by the governor) to grant authority to agencies, organizations or other entities to issue qualification cards for persons to be deployed for interstate mutual aid. For additional information, see NIMS Guide 0002, March 27, 2007, National Credentialing Definition and Criteria, at http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/rm/guide_rm.shtm and the June 1 NIMS Alert at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/pwcredentialing_18-07.pdf

 

NASEMSO Update:

1. The Government’s Response to the Nation’s Emergency Room Crisis Examined in a Hearing Conducted by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform

On June 22, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform conducted a hearing on “The Government’s Response to the Nation’s Emergency Room Crisis.”  In the opening statement, Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD) noted that the hearing would examine the response of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to the nation’s emergency care crisis. 

 

The hearing featured testimony from leading private sector experts on emergency care, trauma care, and ambulance services.  Robert O’Conner, M.D., professor and chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Virginia, represented the Advocates of EMS.  (NASEMSO is one of the founding members of this organization.)  Ramon W. Johnson, MD., associate director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mission Hospital Regional Medical Center, represented the American College of Emergency Physicians.  Other witnesses included C. William Schwab, M.D., professor and chief, Division of Traumatology and Surgical Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania; Kevin Yeskey, M.D., director, Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations and acting deputy assistant secretary of the Office of Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services; and Walter Koroshetz, M.D., deputy director, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.

 

Witnesses at the hearing said that U.S. emergency departments are overcrowded, understaffed and unprepared for large natural disasters or terrorist attacks.  O’Connor noted “For the past 20 years, federal support for EMS has been both scarce and uncoordinated.  In fact, following the September 11th attacks, when the country focused its attention on all terrorism preparedness, first responders were described as police, fire, and ‘other.’”  O’Connor reiterated that in conjunction with police and fire, EMS is the primary first responder for medical assistance in the event of a natural or man-made disaster or public health emergency.  Johnson, stating the nation’s emergency care system is “teetering on the brink of collapse,” shared examples of emergency departments that “remain woefully underfunded, understaffed, overcrowded and overwhelmed.”

 

All testimony is available for download at http://oversight.house.gov/investigations.asp?ID=216.

 

2. WHA Adopts Resolution on Emergency Trauma Care Systems

On May 23, 2007, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted a resolution on emergency trauma care systems.  This first ever WHA resolution on this topic, initially proposed by Romania and Thailand, draws the attention of governments to the need to strengthen pre-hospital and emergency trauma care systems (including mass casualty management efforts) and describes a number of steps governments could take. In addition, the resolution invites the World Health Organization (WHO) to scale up its efforts to support countries.  Although not legally binding, the resolution is an important commitment from senior public health and development officials around the world to increase efforts to strengthen trauma care systems.  The resolution is available at http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA60/A60_R22-en.pdf.

 

3. NTSB Issues Safety Recommendation I-07-3

On June 27, the National Transportation Safety Board issued Safety Recommendation I-07-3 to the National Association of State EMS Officials (NASEMSO).  The recommendation addresses the risk of overpressure failure of partially pressurized aluminum cylinders and the protection of responders and the general public from a vehicle fire when aluminum cylinders are present.   The recommendation is derived from the Safety Board’s investigation of the Sept. 23, 2005, motorcoach fire on Interstate 45, near Wilmer, Texas, during the Hurricane Rita evacuation and is consistent with the evidence found and the analysis performed.  The bus was carrying patients from an assisted living center and also had a supply of Oxygen cylinders on board for the patients.  The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recommends limiting the number of cylinders to the extent practicable and limiting the total weight of cylinders to 99 pounds per vehicle; however, these limitations may not be practicable in an emergency evacuation, such as in advance of a hurricane.  Should aluminum cylinders be an issue for emergency responders in any mode of transportation, the safety of the vehicle occupants and the responders is of utmost priority.  The Safety Board concluded that the possibility of structural failure in partially pressurized aluminum cylinders when exposed to heat and fire, as occurred on the accident motorcoach, poses a danger to the general public and emergency responders.  As a result, the Safety Board has recommended that PHMSA develop standards for the safe transportation of partially pressurized aluminum cylinders and issue guidance to NASEMSO and other interested organizations.  For more information, contact the NTSB Quality Assurance Division at 202-314-6403 and reference Safety Recommendation I-07-3.

 

4. “Working with People with Disabilities” Training DVD Now Available

Working with People with Disabilities – A Guide for Responders now is available from The Baltimore County Fire Department.  This 26-minute training DVD, produced in cooperation with the Baltimore County Commission on Disabilities, is designed to help personnel from emergency medical services, fire, police, and others work effectively and compassionately with persons with disabilities.  This training has been endorsed by the Maryland Department of Disabilities, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (MIEMSS), Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute, Maryland State Firemen’s Association (MSFA), and the Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions, as well as a number of other public agencies and non-governmental disabilities advocacy groups.  This DVD features people with disabilities who were gracious enough to appear in the video and share their “first person” accounts.  They communicated their views, concerns, needs and expectations effectively.  The DVD is available at no charge for training purposes.  To obtain a free copy of the DVD, contact Fire Director James M. Korn at jkorn@baltimorecountymd.gov.

 

5. HHS Awards Two Contracts to Expand Domestic Vaccine Manufacturing Capacity for a Potential Influenza Pandemic

On June 14, Health & Human Services (HHS) Secretary Mike Leavitt announced the award of two contracts to expand the domestic influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity that could be used in the event of a potential influenza pandemic.  The department has awarded two cost-reimbursable contracts totaling $132.5 million to sanofi pasteur and MedImmune over five years to retrofit existing domestic vaccine manufacturing facilities on a cost-sharing basis and to provide warm-base operations for pandemic influenza vaccines.  In warm-base operations, the contractor does not shut down the facility.  For more information, visit http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2007pres/06/pr20070614a.html.

 

6. Special EMS Sessions To Be Held at 5th International Bird Flu Summit

Paramedics, firefighters, police officers, and other emergency first responders will have a chance to learn firsthand the best practices and model protocols they need in order to effectively respond to a pandemic, when they attend the 5th International Bird Flu Summit, Sept. 25-26, 2007, in Las Vegas, Nev.  Nine breakout sessions specifically designed for these different emergency management service (EMS) providers were recently added to the agenda of the two-day event.  The sessions will be held concurrently with the main plenary session, giving EMS providers a chance to hone their specific expertise and tailor their pandemic preparedness plans.  For more information about the conference, visit http://www.new-fields.com.

 

7. Public Health Advisory Board Established to Advise HHS Secretary on Chemical, Biological or Radiological Agents

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on June 19 announced the establishment of a public health advisory panel concerned with chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological agents.  The National Biodefense Science Board will give HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt guidance on preventing, preparing for, and responding to release of such agents, whether they are naturally occurring, accidental, or deliberate.  The board, which was authorized by the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act, will advise the Secretary about trends, challenges and opportunities in the field.  At the Secretary’s request, it also will provide recommendations for research and development.  Board members are yet to be selected.  There will be 13 members from among leading experts in science, public health and medicine.  Four will be from the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and device industries.  Four will be from academic institutions.  Of the remaining five, one must be from an organization representing health care consumers and one must be a practicing health care professional.  To submit a resume or curriculum vitae for consideration to be a board member, e-mail nbsbnominations@hhs.gov.  For further information, contact Dr. Susan Cibulsky at nbsbquestions@hhs.gov.  The board’s charter and additional information is available at http://www.hhs.gov/aspr/omsph/nbsb.

 

8. National Emergency Number Association Swears in New Executive Board

A new National Emergency Number Association (NENA) Executive Board took office at the Installation Banquet at the 26th NENA Annual 9-1-1 Conference and Trade Show in mid-June.  Jason Barbour, ENP is the president while Ronald Bonneau, ENP became the first vice president.  Craig Whittington, ENP was tapped as the newly elected second vice president.  Six other Executive Board members were sworn in at the conference, including Ron Bloom, ENP, who became the association’s first ever private sector director.  Others sworn in to office include:  NENA Hall of Fame Member, John Crabill, ENP, as Northeast Region director; Bob Currier, ENP as North Central Region director; Toni Dunne, ENP as Southeast Region director; NENA Hall of Fame Member, Rick Galway, ENP, as Canadian Region director; and Barbara Jaeger, ENP as Western Region director.

Hydration Policy:

The information below is training focused, but has obvious application to incidents as well, and, it is research based.

University of Maryland, Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute

Purpose: The Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute, as a partner in the Center for Firefighter Safety Research and Development, completed a research study entitled “Health and Safety Guidelines for Firefighter Training”. One of the important observations of the study was that participants were dehydrated before starting their training day and hydration status clearly affected their performance in the training evolutions.

 

Policy: This policy presents the recommended hydration guidelines for participants prior to, during, and after the completion of strenuous practical training evolutions in order to maintain proper hydration and prevent dehydration.

 

Procedure: The instructor shall encourage the students to follow these hydration guidelines for all strenuous practical evolutions and other situations that may result in dehydration.

 

While hydration is a personal responsibility, it is the responsibility of the field instructor to monitor participants for the signs and symptoms of dehydration such as muscle weakness, dizziness, disorientation, hypotension, tachycardia and lack of sweating. The presence of these signs and symptoms constitutes a true medical emergency. The instructor should remove any individual exhibiting these signs and symptoms from the training environment and seek emergency medical support immediately.

 

Additionally, the instructor should be alert to environmental conditions that may exacerbate dehydration and be familiar with the MFRI policy regarding outdoor training in extreme weather conditions.

 

Prehydration

The goal of prehydrating is to start the training session euhydrated (properly hydrated) and with normal plasma electrolyte levels. Prehydrating should begin at least several hours before the training session to enable fluid absorption and allow urine output to maintain normal levels.

 

Prior to the training session, students should slowly drink one ounce of water for every ten pounds of body weight at least four hours before the training session. If the student does not produce urine, or if the urine is dark or highly concentrated, the student should slowly drink an additional one ounce of water for every 20 pounds of body weight about two hours before the training session. 

 

Do not substitute beverages with alcohol or caffeine for water.  Caffeine and alcohol act as diuretics and can exacerbate dehydration. 

 

Students should not attempt to hyperhydrate prior to a training session as it has been shown to provide no clear physiologic or performance advantage and can increase the risk of hyponatremia, a potentially lethal condition.

 

Preventing Dehydration

The goal of drinking during the training session is to prevent excessive dehydration and excessive changes in electrolyte balance. The specific amount and rate of fluid replacement is highly variable depending on individual sweat rate, session intensity and duration, and environmental conditions.

 

Ideally, students should create a customized fluid replacement plan based on pre and post training session weight with the goal to prevent loss of more than 2% of baseline body weight during activity.

 

In the absence of an individualized fluid replacement plan, students should drink water slowly and continuously during the breaks provided during the training session. Electrolyte replacement beverages may be beneficial in the most extreme training conditions, but the primary goal should be volume replacement, which is best accomplished with water.

 

Students should continue fluid replacement even if they do not feel thirsty. By the time thirst is detected, the student is already dehydrated which results in decreased performance and increased health and safety risk.  

 

Rehydration

The goal of rehydration is to fully replace any fluid and electrolyte deficit.

 

Individuals should drink 20 ounces of fluid for every pound of body weight lost during the training session. If the total body weight lost during training in unknown, students should drink slowly and continuously until urine is no longer dark or highly concentrated.

 

Consuming beverages and snacks with sodium will help expedite rapid and complete recovery by stimulating thirst and fluid retention.

 

Always Use Vehicles to "block" Accident Scenes:

From our "are there any reasons to always BLOCK with large fire apparatus" file...

A deadly crash occurred on I-75 in Florida Monday afternoon, sending 12 people to the hospital, fatally injuring a civilian and critically injuring a FF. An Alachua County Sheriff's Deputy stopped his patrol car - with lights flashing - in the left-hand southbound lane in order to protect the scene where a white Dodge Caravan had pulled over in the inside emergency lane because a passenger was having a seizure.

Firefighters and paramedics were at the scene to treat the seizure patient and two of the six occupants of the white van had exited the vehicle and were standing around it. The deputy was out of his car trying to wave traffic away from where the paramedics were assisting the seizure patient when a civilian, in a black van, who apparently did not see the flashing lights, plowed into the back of the Crown Vic.

The patrol car was propelled toward the paramedics and occupants of the white van, and three of the FF/paramedics and one occupant were able to jump across the guardrail and avoid the patrol car.

One of the white van's occupants was critically injured when she was pinned between the patrol car and the guardrail. A firefighter/paramedic, Lt. Drew Dabney, 41, of Gainesville, was also dragged by the patrol car and suffered serious injuries. After striking the patrol car, the striking van continued down the road, striking the inside guardrail with the left front corner of the vehicle. The driver of the black van was killed. Thanks BillyG

NASEMSO Update:

NASEMSO Adds Pandemic Flu Page to Web Site

A recent addition to the public side of the NASEMSO Web site is a page on Pandemic Influenza with links to useful resources for both the public and EMS professionals.  This resource was compiled by Kathy Robinson, NASEMSO program advisor.  The page includes an introduction with a definition of “pandemic” and a list of conditions that must be met for a pandemic outbreak to begin.  There is a section on what the public should do in case such an event occurs, followed by resource links to federal, state, non-profit and international sources of information on preparedness.  In addition, there are links to Centers for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Academies of Science (NAS) reports and tools.  Visit http://www.nasemso.org/Resources/PandemicInfluenza.asp to view the NASEMSO Pandemic Influenza Resources and Guidelines page.

 

NASEMSO Provides Comments on Draft Children’s Bill

Draft legislation has been crafted by Senator Christopher Dodd’s office in partnership with Save the Children and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).  The bill establishes a Commission on Children and Disasters that would examine the range of federal disaster efforts in light of children’s needs and make recommendations.  It also provides for a National Resource Center on Children and Disasters that would serve as a clearinghouse for the growing body of information on children and various aspects of disasters.  NASEMSO reviewed the bill and noted concern that only one of the 10 members of the new commission would be required to have a health background in either child health or pediatrics.  NASEMSO stated that the commission could benefit by having more members with medical, preparedness and response expertise.  In addition, NASEMSO noted that the creation of the new resource center duplicates or ignores resources that already exist.  The EMSC National Resource Center already is established with federal funding and has information on children and disasters readily available.  For more information on the draft bill, contact Anika Pierce at apierce@aap.org.

 

NEMSIS Funding Language Included Appropriations Bill

On July 12, the Senate Appropriations Committee passed out the FY 2008 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development and Related Agencies legislation that contained $1 million for the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS).  Report language was included that shows the Committee’s support of NEMSIS and its efforts.  For more information, contact Lisa Meyer at lmeyer@cgagroup.com.

 EMSC Funding Moving in Both Houses

On June 21, the Senate Appropriations Committee recommended an appropriation of $20 million for the EMSC Program for Fiscal Year 2008.  On July 11, the House Appropriations Committee considered the Fiscal Year 2008 Labor-Health and Human Services-Education appropriations and recommended an appropriation of $19.8 million for the EMSC Program for FY 2008.  With both committees firmly rejecting the Administration’s proposal to eliminate the program, there is a excellent chance to continue EMSC’s important work.  The House and Senate are each expected to consider their respective versions of the legislation and will then come to an agreement on a final version of the appropriations bill before it becomes law.  For more information, contact Cindy Pellegrini at the American Academy of Pediatrics at CPellegrini@aap.org.

 

NEMSIS Software Developers Meeting Scheduled

The 2007 NEMSIS Software Developers Meeting will be held in conjunction with the EMS Summit Conference in Clearwater Beach, Fla.  The NEMSIS Software Developers Meeting will be held on Saturday afternoon, Sept. 29.  Registration for the meeting is done separately from the EMS Summit.  Last year, this meeting filled very quickly and a larger space has been reserved for 2007.  However, the meeting is limited to the first 100 registrants.  To register, e-mail Paige Nielsen at paige.nielsen@hsc.utah.edu.  Topics to be discussed at the meeting include:  NEMSIS compliance update; NEMSIS 3.0 Dataset revision process; data quality and usability lessons; and open discussion of EMS software-related issues.

 

Nevada Project Heartbeat Documents Lives Saved

In late April, Nevada began a statewide public-access defibrillation project.  The project, Nevada Project Heartbeat, is the first such statewide project in the United States.  It aims to make automated external defibillators (AEDs) available and accessible throughout Nevada communities, with the goal of improving an individual’s chances of survival following sudden cardiac arrest.  Nevada Project Heartbeat primarily is sponsored by the University of Nevada School of Medicine’s Center for Education and Health Services Outreach and Office of Rural Health, the Regional EMS Authority, and Humboldt County General Hospital. The Regional EMS Authority will provide CPR and AED training and medical oversight for urban communities statewide, while Humboldt County General Hospital will train and oversee participating rural communities.  Already there are several documented saves as a result of Nevada Project Heartbeat.  For more information, visit http://www.padprograms.com/nevada.

 

FCC Issues Katrina Panel Final Rule

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a final rule, Recommendations of the Independent Panel Reviewing the Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Communications Networks.  In the document, the FCC directs the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau (PSHSB) to implement several of the recommendations made by the Hurricane Katrina Panel.  The Commission also adopted rules requiring some communications providers to have emergency/back-up power and to conduct analyses and submit reports on the redundancy and resiliency of their 9-1-1 and E9-1-1 networks.  The full rule is available at http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20071800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2007/pdf/E7-13488.pdf.

 

EMSC Web Site Adds New Grants Management Section

The EMSC National Resource Center has added a news Grants Management section to its EMSC Web site located at http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/emsc.  The section provides information on key pieces of grants management, including:  applying for a competitive EMSC program grant, registering at Grants.gov, registering with EHB, applying for a non-competitive EMSC Program grant, and responding to conditions in the Notice of Grants Awards (NGA).  Information also is provided on how to submit a carryover request or no-cost extension, as well as how to submit a request for redirection of funds.  The Grants Management section also includes a section on who to contact for help, organized by state, and answers to more than 40 frequently asked questions.  To access the Grants Management section of the Web site, visit http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/emsc.  Once there, click on “Grants Management” located in the side bar to the left of the homepage.

 

HHS to Give States $430 Million for Hospital Preparedness

On June 28, 2007, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that this year’s federal grants to states to help healthcare facilities prepare for public health emergencies has been reduced by $20 million compared to 2006.  The grants, totaling $430 million, are intended to help healthcare facilities, including hospitals, cope with mass casualties related to bioterrorist attacks, infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters.  According to HHS, this year’s funds are to be designated toward improving interoperable communications, systems to track available hospital beds, advanced registration of volunteer health professionals, and planning for fatality management and hospital evacuation.  To learn more and to see a list of amounts given to each state, visit http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2007pres/06/pr20070628a.html.

 

Pediatric Preparedness Implementation Kit for Hospitals Now Available

The Care of Children in the Emergency Department: Guidelines for Preparedness Implementation Kit is now available as a downloadable file from the American College of Emergency Physicians’ (ACEP) Web site.  This kit will help administrators and other hospital personnel implement essential equipment and staffing recommendations so their emergency departments will be ready to provide the best pediatric care possible.  The kit includes the American Academy of Pediatrics/ACEP-approved Care of Children in the Emergency Department:  Guidelines for Preparedness; the editorial “Guidelines for Preparedness of Emergency Departments that Care for Children: A Call to Action;” sample policies for the care of children in the emergency department; clinical care guidelines; policy statements; referenced journal articles; a pediatric resuscitation and emergency medication calculator; and other related resources.  To access the kit, visit http://host.acep.org.tmp3.secure-xp.net/aapacep/.

 

AAP Disaster Preparedness Presentations Available Via Web

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) sponsored a half-day educational session on disaster preparedness, recovery, and response last fall in conjunction with its Annual National Conference and Exhibition.  The presentations from that session can be viewed via Webcast at http://client.blueskybroadcast.com/AAP/AAP_Peds_21/index.html.

 

NENA Announces Support for FCC’s Proposed Location Accuracy Testing Rules and Its Intention to Host Summit on the Future of 9-1-1 Location Technology

On June 29, the National Emergency Number Association (NENA) announced its support of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) tentative conclusion to require wireless carriers to meet FCC location accuracy standards at a geographical level defined by Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) coverage areas.  NENA stressed the importance of providing the most accurate information possible to 9-1-1 telecommunicators and also the critical need for all parties from industry and the public safety community to work together with a clear understanding of current challenges and needed steps to implement the rules.  In the spirit of collaboration, NENA has announced plans, in conjunction with the Association of Public Safety Communications (APCO), to host a summit in the coming months on the future of 9-1-1 location technology as discussed in the second portion of the FCC’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (Section III.B). The goal of the summit will be to bring together public safety representatives and technology experts with leaders form the wireless and IP industry, including those working on automatic location standards critical to the future success of 9-1-1.  For more information, e-mail phalley@nena.org.

 

Students’ Pandemic Hotline Plan Interests Health Agency

The Santa Clara County Public Health Department in San Jose, Calif., is helping Stanford University students develop a plan model for a local pandemic influenza hotline.  The hotline will be staffed by home-based volunteers with general knowledge and also would offer the ability to route emergency calls directly to experts.  Volunteers would use computer programs to obtain local pandemic information, including information about hygiene, school closures, and how to stay healthy during a pandemic.  This service would be a source of information for vulnerable populations, including those who do not have a computer and those who prefer person-to-person interaction.  Plans call for the pandemic hotline model to be made available to anyone interested at no cost.  For more information, visit http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/panflu/news/jul0607stanford.html.

 

National Summit on Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Scheduled for September

As the nation works toward strengthening its domestic emergency response capabilities, it is becoming more and more evident that a massive amount of resources will be needed to respond to a disaster – be it the next Hurricane Katrina or a pandemic flu outbreak.  Primary care providers are currently untapped resources to meet the health needs of the community in a crisis.  The Primary Care Development Corporation (PCDC), with a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), is convening the first ever one-day national summit specifically dedicated to the primary care community and disaster planning and response.  The summit is aimed at primary care providers, administrators and/or clinicians; state primary care associations; regional emergency response planners, including representatives from local and state departments of health; hospital emergency planners and ambulatory care network administrators; school-based emergency planners; and elected and government officials.  Visit http://www.pcdcny.org/documents/PCEPNationalSummitBrochure.pdf for more information on the summit.

 

NASEMSO Learns of NJ Trauma Coordinator Barbara Hall’s Death

NASEMSO has learned that Barbara Hall, the New Jersey trauma coordinator passed away in late May after a long battle with cancer.  In an email to NASEMSO’s Trauma Managers List, Clay Odell noted that “Barbara was smart, funny, strongly dedicated to EMS, and a passionate advocate for trauma care.”  Barbara had been a paramedic, a nurse and a teacher in the field of EMS.  She recently consulted with public health officials in Poland to offer assistance in developing similar models for pre-hospital emergency care.  A celebration of her life was held on June 30 in Pennington, NJ.  Memorial contributions in her name may be made to the Organ Fund of Asbury United Methodist Church, 1401 Camden Ave., Salisbury, MD 21801; the Building Fund of Camp Pecometh, 136 Bookers Wharf Road, Centreville, MD 21617; or Humane Society of Wicomico County, 5130 Citation Drive, Salisbury, MD 21804.

 

Leopold Resigns from Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services

On July 3, Bob Leopold announced that he has resigned from the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to accept a position with the Oregon Department of Health as EMS and trauma director.  Leopold’s last day with the Nebraska DHHS will be August 2.  He will start in his new position in Oregon on August 15.  Leopold has been employed with the State of Nebraska for more than 27 years.  He was the Nebraska EMS administrator from 1984 to 1995.

 

DHS Sponsors Fourth Annual National Preparedness Month

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is sponsoring the fourth annual National Preparedness Month this September to encourage Americans to prepare for emergencies in their homes, businesses and communities.  This year’s effort has a growing coalition of more than 625 national, regional, state, and local organizations pledging support.  For the first time, the month will focus on different areas of emergency preparedness: Sept. 1-8, back-to-school (Ready Kids); Sept. 9-15, business preparedness (Ready Business); Sept. 16-22, multicultural preparedness (Listo); and Sept. 23-30, home and family preparedness, including pets, older Americans and individuals with disabilities and special needs (Ready America).  Groups can register to become National Preparedness Month coalition members or get more information by visiting http://www.ready.gov and clicking on the National Preparedness Month banner. 

 

Novation Survey on Pandemic Flu Preparedness Examines Hospital Supplies

Novation, the healthcare contracting services company of VHA, Inc., and the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC), surveyed materials managers to determine the status of their pandemic disaster preparations.  While more than half of the hospitals surveyed (68%) reported that they have devoted resources to developing comprehensive pandemic-specific disaster plans, 79 percent of those reported that they could continue operations without external resources for less than one week.  Fifty-four percent said that operations could continue for one to three days, and 25 percent say they will be able to operate between four to seven days without external resources.  The survey probed for items included in pandemic-specific plans.  To read about the survey findings further, visit http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/hotnews/76h148311751046.html.

 

Revised Pediatric Emergency Medicine Teaching Tools are Available

The revised Fourth Edition of the Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS) Instructor’s ToolKit CD-ROM now is available for order.  It contains 30 ready-to-use PowerPoint presentations based on the APLS textbook, along with handouts, instructor notes, skill station instructions, and post-tests.  The tools may be used to teach pediatric emergency medicine to any physician audience.  The content has been revised to reflect the current American Heart Association resuscitation guidelines and algorithms and relates to the revised Fourth Edition of the APLS student textbook.  To order a copy, visit http://www2.acep.org/bookstore/indes.cfm?go=product.detail&id=10166.

 

National Junior Firefighter Program Launched

Join Spartan Motors and the National Volunteer Fire Council (NVFC) at 11:00 a.m. on Saturday, July 28, at Booth 2008 during the Firehouse Expo in Baltimore, Md.  Officials from both organizations will be on hand to announce the launch of the National Junior Firefighter Program, a great way to get young people active and involved in volunteer fire departments.  The National Junior Firefighter Program gives young people a chance to learn about local fire, rescue, and emergency medical services response organizations in a safe, controlled, educational, and fun program – and it provides departments with an excellent recruitment tool.  For more information, visit http://www.nvfc.org/juniors.

 

2007 National EMSC Heroes Award Winners Announced

The EMSC National Resource Center has announced the winners of the 2007 National Heroes Awards.  They include: Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, recipient of the EMSC Lifetime Achievement Award; Susan Fuchs, MD, recipient of the EMSC Advisory Board Member Award; Marie Renzi, recipient of the EMSC Project Coordinator of Distinction Award; Elizabeth “Betsy” Smith, RN, NREMT-P, recipient of the EMSC Provider Leadership Award; Shauna Hatton-Ward, recipient of the EMSC Family Representative Volunteer of the Year Award; and Howard Corneli, MD, MS, recipient of the Outstanding EMSC Research Project Award.  For a copy of the press release with photos, contact the National Resource Center at 202-884-4927.

 

CAAS Accredits Twelve Agencies in June

The Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services (CAAS) Panel of Commissioners met in June to review accreditation applications.  Metro Atlanta Ambulance Service of Marietta, Ga., and Elizabeth Township Area EMS, of Elizabeth Township, Penn., were newly accredited by the panel, bringing the total number of accredited agencies to 107.  Ten other agencies were reaccredited.  For more information, visit http://www.caas.org.

 

CAAS Accepting Applications for New Executive Director

Meredith Hellestrae, Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services (CAAS) executive director, will be retiring this fall after 11 years in her position.  The Center for Association Growth (TCAG), CAAS’ association management company, is accepting applications for this position which is headquartered in Glenview, Ill., a suburb of Chicago.  The successful candidate will be responsible for the day-to-day administration of the commission’s activities; maintaining the integrity of the commission’s quality standards; coordinating the activities of the board of directors, Panel of Commissioners, site reviewer pool and the special committees; acting as spokesperson for CAAS with allied organizations, government agencies, and the media; representing the interests of CAAS-accredited agencies; overseeing all membership services; and marketing to prospective agencies through various channels, including seminars, advertising, meeting exhibits, Web site, speakers, published articles, and related activities.  Interested candidates should send a cover letter and current resume to CAAS Job Opening, 1926 Waukegan Road, Suite 1, Glenview, IL 60025 or e-mail to marciem@tcag.com.  For more information, visit http://www.caas.org.

 

AMA Launches Preparedness Journal

The American Medical Association (AMA) has launched a new journal, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.  The journal supports the integration of clinical medicine with public health preparedness and provides individual healthcare providers with a resource to support their public health activities.  For more information, visit http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/-1/disaster-medicine.pdf.

 

National First Responder Appreciation Day to be September 25

In late June, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed S.R. 215, a resolution sponsored by Senator Wayne Allard (R-CO) that designates September 25th as National First Responder Day.  The bipartisan resolution was co-sponsored by 30 of Allard’s Senate colleagues.  The resolution has received support from a variety of first responder organizations, including the Colorado State Fire Fighters’ Association, National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians.

 

NEMA-CDC “Incident Command System for Executives” Training Materials Available

The 2007 “Incident Command System (ICS) for Executives” training materials now are available online.  The training curriculum and instructional materials were developed by the National Emergency Management Association (NEMA) and IEM through a grant from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).  For the past three years, NEMA and IEM have been delivering ICS training to state interagency teams comprised of executive level state officials representing public health, emergency management, fire, law enforcement, governors’ offices and other state agencies with roles and responsibilities for disaster preparedness and response.  The training consists of an overview of ICS and a bioterrorism-focused tabletop exercise.  The training is available at http://www.nemaweb.org/?1100.

 

Immunization Practices Recommendations Issued by ACIP

On June 28, 2007, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) posted its recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 2007.  This report updates the 2006 recommendations by the committee regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents.  The 2007 recommendations include new and updated information.  To read the report, visit http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr56e629a1.htm.

 

DVBIC’s Documentary on TBI Available on the Internet

The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center’s (DVBIC) documentary, Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury, now is available for viewing online.  The documentary is a 29-minute program, introduced by General Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret.), which offers an introduction to traumatic brain injury, a health issue affecting at least 1.4 million Americans each year.  It features the recovery journeys of several service personnel and their families.  The link for the program is http://dvbic.org/cms.php?p=Education.  Two related products also are available on the same page: (1) a fact sheet on traumatic brain injury awareness and prevention, and (2) a Documentary User’s Guide for organizations that plan to use the documentary as part of their educational efforts.

 

Oregon Seeks EMS Planner

The State of Oregon is seeking an EMS planner.  The planner coordinates all planning activities related to EMS, trauma and emergency preparedness, including mitigation, disaster response and recovery, as prioritized by the public health emergency preparedness manager.  The planning coordinator works with other preparedness staff to integrate plans and procedures with relevant state agencies and ensures that state-level resources are integrated with the planning requirements of local health departments and relevant federal and non-governmental organizations.  The position requires a high level of technical knowledge of state and federal emergency preparedness systems and resources, which are essential for emergency planning and response.  For more information, visit http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/jobs/LEHS7205A.shtml.

 

Health First Seeks Trauma Unit Manager

Mission Search has been engaged by one of Florida’s premier healthcare systems, Health First, to identify, attract, and qualify talented professionals for the position of manager, trauma unit, at their flagship hospital, Holmes Regional Medical Center located in Melbourne, Fla. Holmes Regional Medical is a busy 564 Level II Trauma Center seeing more than 70,000 patients annually, with an active flight program and a highly regarded heart institute.  The trauma unit manager is delegated the authority and autonomy for assessing, planning and directing patient care in the unit.  For information on this position, contact Tami Coderre at tlc@missionsearchusa.com.

FireFighter Uses Helmet RIGHT WAY!

Firefighter OK After Hot Rod Hits Helmet

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) -- A firefighter is counting his luck after a red-hot steel rod was fired into his helmet from an exploding vehicle, local media reported Thursday. The steel rod was traveling at such speed it punched a hole through a steel door before hitting 41-year-old Gary Wright's Kevlar fire helmet, The New Zealand Herald said.

 

Wright was getting ready to fight a blaze earlier this month that had engulfed a garage full of vehicles in a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand's biggest city, when the steel rod fired out of an exploding van 62 feet away. "I had only just put my BA (breathing apparatus) set on and put my helmet back on," he said. "I had my head forward and was adjusting the headband on the helmet ... the next minute, whack.... It was a pretty hard whack, it knocked my head back," Wright was quoted as telling the paper. "It felt like someone coming up and giving me a really good clip around my head ... but I had a glance around and no one was there. Then this glowing thing (the rod) attracted my attention at my feet," Wright said.

 

Waitakere City Fire Chief Bill Ellis said the rod went through the outer Kevlar layer of the helmet but had been stopped by a protective inner layer.

 

Wright was left with a headache and some pain on the left side of his head where his helmet strap was pulled back by the force of the rod's impact. "It wasn't until on the way home that I saw the hole (in the helmet) and told the boss," he said."I think most people think I was pretty lucky," said Wright, an 11-year fire fighting veteran.

 

 

Do you really know how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook?

By Steven De Lisi, Fire Engineering

The latest edition of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) was published in 2004 and was "developed jointly by Transport Canada, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the Secretariat of Transport Communication of Mexico." Referred to as ERG2004, its intent is to serve as a "guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in a [transportation incident involving dangerous goods] and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident."
 
The ERG is normally provided free of charge to local and state emergency service officials through individual state emergency management agencies. First responders should check with representatives of these agencies to determine the book's availability.
 
The latest edition of the ERG should always be readily available in every vehicle operated by first responders. This includes vehicles of individuals from departments that have a protocol allowing them to respond from home directly to incidents.
 
Without a doubt, new and sophisticated computer software programs provide substantial amounts of information and are worthwhile additions to any first responder's information arsenal, but there is no substitute for a handheld copy of the ERG2004. The fact is that the ERG2004 is a quick and easy-to-use reference source that can provide all first responders with valuable information that can save lives! However, the unfortunate reality is that due to the relative simplicity of the ERG2004 when compared to other reference sources, some may underestimate this value and also ignore the need to fully understand important details when using the ERG2004 to make critical decisions.
 
Most first responders probably know how to look up a material's 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) using the ID Number Index (yellow-bordered pages) or the Name of the Material Index (blue-bordered pages), and they probably know that if an index entry is highlighted, then additional information is provided in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages). But there is a lot more to know regarding effective use of the ERG2004 BEFORE an incident occurs!
 
The following test contains 15 questions regarding your knowledge of the ERG2004. If you don't know an answer, LOOK IT UP. Answers to each question are shown at the end of the test and include page number references for the correct response.
 
Before you begin, remember that you should always avoid removing copies of the ERG2004 from response apparatus for training and testing purposes. Someone will always forget to put it back where it belongs! Instead, purchase spare copies for use during these types of activities. Copies are available for sale from a number of vendors, including those found on the Internet. When using the ERG2004, be smart, be safe, and remember, everyone goes home!
 
What are the characteristics required of materials listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages)?
What does the letter "P" following a guide number in either the ID Number Index (yellow-bordered pages) or the Name of the Materials Index (blue-bordered pages) signify?
What 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) should be used for ALL explosives except Explosives 1.4 (Explosives C)?
When using the Table of Placards to determine the appropriate 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) to use, which guide should first responders use when multiple placards point to more than one guide, as when a vehicle displays both "Oxidizer" and "Corrosive" placards?
Distances shown in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages) are those likely to be affected during the first __________ minutes after materials are spilled.
When using the ERG2004, if a reference to a 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) cannot be found, and the incident is believed to involve dangerous goods [hazardous materials], which guide should first responders use until additional information becomes available?
According to the ERG2004, "Shelter In-Place means people should seek shelter inside a building and remain inside until the danger passes." However, when might "in-place protection" NOT be the best option to use?
Materials found in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Actions Distances (green-bordered pages) are listed in what order?
If an entry in either the ID Number Index (yellow-bordered pages) or the Name of the Materials Index (blue-bordered pages) is highlighted, first responders are instructed to look for the ID Number and Name of the Material in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages). However, what actions should first responders take regarding use of this table if there is a fire or if a fire is involved?
In the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages), why are the protective action distances separated for use during either "Day" or "Night" time periods?
Each 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) describes "potential hazards" that a material may display in terms of fire/explosion and health effects upon exposure. Why do some 3-Digit Guides list "Fire/ Explosion" first while others list "Health" first?
What statement do the publishers of the ERG2004 make to first responders regarding use of the ERG2004 at fixed facility locations?
Hazard Identification Codes may be found in the top half of an orange panel on some intermodal bulk containers. Each code is a single digit that ranges from 2 ¿ 9. As an example, "7" indicates a "radioactivity" hazard while "8" indicates a "corrosivity" hazard. What is the significance of repeating the display of a digit (e.g. "33" instead of "3") and preceding the code with the letter "X?"
The ERG2004 states that when using the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (green-bordered pages), the distances shown may increase for worst case scenarios involving the instantaneous release of the entire contents of a package, such as a catastrophic accident. How can first responders estimate this increase in distance?
The ERG2004 is a guide to assist first responders during the initial response phase of an incident involving dangerous goods [hazardous materials]. What is meant by the term "initial response phase?"
 
ANSWERS:
Materials which are considered toxic by inhalation, including certain chemical warfare agents, or which produce toxic gases upon contact with water. (p. 295)
The letter "P" following the 3-Digit Guide number in the yellow-bordered and blue-bordered pages identifies those materials which present a polymerization hazard under certain conditions. (p.2)
Use Guide 112 for all explosives except for Explosives 1.4 (Explosives C). (p. 1)
When using the Table of Placards to determine the appropriate 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages), if multiple placards point to more than one guide, initially use the most conservative guide (i.e., the guide requiring the greatest degree of protective actions). (p. 15)
30 minutes (p. 295)
Guide 111 (p. 1)
In-place protection may not be the best option if (a) the vapors are flammable; (b) if it will take a long time for the gas to clear the area; or (c) if buildings cannot be closed tightly. (p. 298)
Materials found in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Actions Distances are listed in numerical order by ID number. (p. 4)
If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, go directly to the appropriate 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) and use the evacuation information shown under "public safety." (p. 24 and p. 96)
In the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances, the protective action distances are separated for use during "Day" or "Night" time periods since atmospheric mixing is less effective at dispersing vapor plumes during nighttime. (p. 299) Refer to page 4 for additional information on atmospheric conditions when using this table.
Each 3-Digit Guide (orange-bordered pages) describes "potential hazards" that a material may display in terms of fire/explosion and health effects upon exposure. The highest potential is listed first. (p. 3)
"Be mindful that there may be limited value in its [meaning the ERG2004] application at fixed facility locations." (p. 2)
Doubling of a digit indicates an intensification of that particular hazard. A hazard identification code prefixed by the letter "X" indicates that the material will react dangerously with water. (p. 20)
For worst case scenarios involving the instantaneous release of the entire contents of a package, such as a catastrophic accident, the initial isolation and protective action distances may increase. The increase can be estimated by multiplying the distances by a factor of two (2). (p. 296)
The "initial response phase" of an incident involving dangerous goods [hazardous materials] is "that period following arrival at the scene of an incident during which the presence and/or identification of d